In 1804, at the dawn of the French Empire, there were no more than a handful of Spanish paintings in public collections in France. During the course of the 19th century, however, French collectors and museums assembled substantial holdings of works by such Spanish masters as Velázquez, El Greco, Zurbarán, Murillo, and Goya. At the same time, French writers and artists — among them Delacroix, Géricault, Courbet, Millet, Bonnat, Degas, and especially, Manet — came to understand, appreciate, and emulate Spanish painting of the Golden Age. Illustrated with 349 black and white and 380 color photographs and reproductions, this book vividly demonstrates how direct contact with Spanish painting led to the taste for Realism in the 1860s, and provided a foundation for modern art. Also included in this volume are works by American artists like Whistler, Cassatt, Eakins, Chase, and Sargent that clearly reflect the pervasive influence of and taste for Spanish painting.